In most legislation, it refers to all children below 18 years of age. The term ‘child’ is widely used in all forms of legislation, ranging from children acts, criminal codes, welfare acts, child protection laws, labour laws, etc. In line with the definition of the CRC, FRA does not use the term ‘minors’ or ‘adolescents’, instead using ‘children’ for all persons below 18 years. Often the terms are not defined explicitly but are used in different provisions that add a specific age limit. The application of the terms varies depending on the regulatory context. In addition, most Member States do not define the terms ‘child’, ‘minor’, ‘youth’ and ‘adolescents’ universally. For example, no international law defines ‘youth’ and various definitions exist. However, for other terms there is no definition. The UN Convention of the Rights of the Child (CRC) defines children as all “human beings below the age of eighteen years”. Some Member States also provide for a guardian for children who become parents. For example, they are no longer subject to parental control and can act with regard to their personal needs, but may not be allowed to dispose of immovable property or borrow money. In other Member States, married children will only gain partial legal capacity. If a child becomes a parent or gets married before reaching the age of majority, in some Member States the child gains full legal capacity. The age of majority is 18 years in all EU Member States except for Scotland, where children are considered to have full legal capacity from the age of 16 years. Child-friendly justice – perspectives and experiences of children.Jewish people’s experiences and perceptions of hate crime, discrimination and antisemitism.Child-friendly justice – perspectives and experiences of professionals: Press pack.Second European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey (EU-MIDIS II) Roma.Together in the EU: Promoting the participation of migrants and their descendants.Second European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey (EU-MIDIS II) Muslims.Second European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey – Main results.From institutions to community living for persons with disabilities: perspectives from the ground.UN, OSCE and other international organisations.NHRIs, Equality Bodies and Ombudsperson Institutions.Civil society and the Fundamental Rights Platform.Promising practices: equality data collection.EU Fundamental Rights Information System - EFRIS.50 - Right not to be tried or punished twice in criminal proceedings for the same criminal offence.49 - Principles of legality and proportionality of criminal offences and penalties.48 - Presumption of innocence and right of defence.47 - Right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial.46 - Diplomatic and consular protection.45 - Freedom of movement and of residence.40 - Right to vote and to stand as a candidate at municipal elections.39 - Right to vote and to stand as a candidate at elections to the European Parliament.36 - Access to services of general economic interest.34 - Social security and social assistance.32 - Prohibition of child labour and protection of young people at work.30 - Protection in the event of unjustified dismissal.29 - Right of access to placement services.28 - Right of collective bargaining and action.27 - Workers' right to information and consultation within the undertaking.26 - Integration of persons with disabilities. 22 - Cultural, religious and linguistic diversity.19 - Protection in the event of removal, expulsion or extradition.15 - Freedom to choose an occupation and right to engage in work.12 - Freedom of assembly and of association.11 - Freedom of expression and information.10 - Freedom of thought, conscience and religion.9 - Right to marry and right to found a family.7 - Respect for private and family life.4 - Prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.What is the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights?.National human rights systems and bodies.Inter-governmental human rights systems.Support for human rights systems and defenders.Data protection, privacy and new technologies.Irregular migration, return and immigration detention.Equality, non-discrimination and racism.Justice, victims’ rights and judicial cooperation.
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